Comparison
| Side Effect | Common Medications |
| Nausea and Vomiting | Antibiotics (e.g., Amoxicillin),
Chemotherapy agents, NSAIDs, Opioids |
| Diarrhoea | Antibiotics (e.g., Clindamycin,
Amoxicillin-Clavulanate), Metformin |
| Constipation | Opioids (e.g., Morphine, Codeine), Iron supplements, Antacids (Aluminium) |
| Drowsiness | Antihistamines (e.g., Diphenhydramine), Benzodiazepines, Opioids |
| Dry Mouth | Antidepressants (e.g., Amitriptyline), Antihistamines, Diuretics |
| Headache | Oral contraceptives, Nitrates, SSRIs, PDE-5 inhibitors |
| Dizziness | Antihypertensives (e.g., Beta-blockers, Diuretics), Benzodiazepines |
| Rash or Allergic Reactions | Antibiotics (e.g., Penicillin),
Anticonvulsants (e.g., Phenytoin), NSAIDs |
| Weight Gain | Corticosteroids, Antipsychotics (e.g., Olanzapine), Insulin |
| Weight Loss | Stimulants (e.g., Amphetamines), GLP-1 agonists (e.g., Semaglutide), SGLT2 inhibitors |
| Gynecomastia | Spironolactone, Anti-androgens (e.g., Finasteride, Bicalutamide), Digoxin |
| Tinnitus | NSAIDs (e.g., Aspirin in high doses), Aminoglycosides, Loop diuretics |
| Rhinitis | Beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, Nasal decongestants |
| Dysphagia | Bisphosphonates, Doxycycline, Anticholinergics |
| Blurry Vision | Anticholinergics, Corticosteroids, PDE-5 inhibitors (e.g., Sildenafil) |
| Hoarseness | Inhaled corticosteroids (e.g., Fluticasone), ACE inhibitors |
| Dry Eye | Antihistamines, Anticholinergics, Isotretinoin |
| Thrombocytopenia | Heparin, Chemotherapy agents, Linezolid |
| Vitamin B12 Deficiency | Metformin, Proton pump inhibitors (e.g., Omeprazole), H2 blockers |
| Folate Deficiency | Methotrexate, Trimethoprim, Phenytoin |
| Vertigo | Aminoglycosides, Loop diuretics (e.g., Furosemide), Antihypertensives |
| Heartburn | NSAIDs, Bisphosphonates, Calcium channel blockers |
| General Urticaria | Penicillin, NSAIDs, Sulphonamide’s |
| Hyperkalaemia | Potassium-sparing diuretics (e.g.,
Spironolactone), ACE inhibitors, ARBs |
| Hypokalaemia | Loop diuretics (e.g., Furosemide), Thiazide diuretics |
| Hyponatremia | SSRIs, Carbamazepine, Thiazide diuretics |
| Hyperglycaemia | Corticosteroids, Beta-blockers, Protease inhibitors |
| Hypoglycaemia | Insulin, Sulfonylureas (e.g., Glipizide), Meglitinides |
| Hyperphosphatemia | Phosphate supplements, Vitamin D analogs, Bisphosphonates |
| Hypophosphatemia | Antacids (Aluminium or Magnesium), Insulin, Loop diuretics |
| Liver Enzyme Elevation | Statins, Acetaminophen (overdose), Methotrexate |
| Renal Dysfunction | NSAIDs, ACE inhibitors, Aminoglycosides |
| Hypercalcemia | Vitamin D analogs, Thiazide diuretics |
| Hypocalcaemia | Bisphosphonates, Loop diuretics |
| Hyperlipidaemia | Protease inhibitors, Corticosteroids, Atypical antipsychotics |
| Prolonged QT Interval | Antiarrhythmics (e.g., Amiodarone), Fluoroquinolones, Antipsychotics |