ENDOCRINE

Expand all sectionsCollapse all sections

Adrenal Insufficiency (Addison’s)
10
Pituitary Problems
6
Hyperthyroidism
8
Hypothyroidism
10
Neck Lumps & Salivary Gland Problems
Age-based categorisation: - Children and young adults: Usually congenital, developmental, or inflammatory conditions associated with infections - Adults over 40: Increased risk of cancer (soft tissue cancers, thyroid cancer, lymphoma) Types of neck lumps:
4
Gilbert Syndrome
6
Hepatitis A
7
Hepatitis B
7
Hepatitis C
1
- 9.1
  Definition & Phase
Jaundice Adults
5
Jaundice Newborns
6
Hypercalcemia
7
Hyponatremia
6
Acute Pancreatitis
5
Chronic Pancreatitis
7
Gout
7
Obesity
6
Vitamin D Deficiency
7
Flash Card
0

Etiology

4 main types:

Transient hyperthyroidism: Early stages of thyroiditis or levothyroxine excess
Thyrotoxicosis: Excessive thyroid levels triggered by stressors
Subclinical hyperthyroidism: Low TSH with normal T3/T4
Overt hyperthyroidism: Low TSH & High T3/T4, Multiple causes including Graves’ disease

Common causes:

Graves’ disease (MC): Autoimmune condition, peak 30-50’s and more common in women with TSH receptor antibodies. 1 in 3 develop orbitopathy
Toxic multinodular goitre: usually in people >60 living in iodine-deficient areas (e.g., Denmark)
Toxic thyroid nodules (follicular adenomas): More in older people
High HCG conditions: Gestational thyrotoxicosis, hyperemesis gravidarum, Hydatiform mole
Medication-induced: Amiodarone, lithium, levothyroxine excess, contrast agents
Post-partum thyroiditis: Anti-TPO antibodies, occur 6 months post birth/miscarriage
De Quervain’s Thyroiditis: secondary to viral infections, pain and fever are present
Extra-thyroidal: Ovarian teratomas

Prevalence

Scroll to Top

Main Content