Curriculum
- 31 Sections
- 130 Lessons
- 10 Weeks
Expand all sectionsCollapse all sections
- Bell’s Palsy7
- BPPV6
- Vestibular Neuritis5
- Meniere's Disease5
- Lyme’s Disease5
- Headache’s Assessment6
- Cluster Headaches6
- Tension-Type Headache5
- Medication Overuse Headache’s5
- Migraines6
- Trigeminal Neuralgia3
- Shingles5
- Morton’s Neuroma5
- Carpel Tunnel Syndrome6
- Brain & Cns Cancers Recognition3
- Cerebral Palsy6
- Epilepsy7
- Febrile Seizures4
- Hiccups3
- Multiple Sclerosis5
- Parkinson’s Disease4
- Restless Leg Syndrome3
- Gullian Barre Syndrome3
- UMN VS. LMN1
- Als3
- Muscular Dystrophy3
- Polymyositis3
- Syringomelia3
- Down’s Syndrome3
- Cranial Nerve Lesions1
Definition & Etiology
Definition
Hiccups: Involuntary contractions of the diaphragm
• Transient: <48 hours, benign • Persistent: >48 hours, intractable
Etiology
Transient causes:
• Gastric distension
• Aerophagia
• Excess food/alcohol
• Carbonated drinks
• Stress/anxiety
• Spicy foods
Persistent causes:
• Irritation of the diaphragmatic vagus/phrenic nerve
• CNS: epilepsy, syringomyelia, infections, trauma, MS
• Metabolic: uraemia, diabetes, gout, sodium/potassium/calcium imbalance
• Drugs: alpha-methyldopa, dexamethasone, diazepam, antiepileptics, dopaminergic agonists
• Psychogenic causes