Signs & Symptoms
- patterns:
- Relapsing-remitting (most common)
- Secondary progressive (develops from relapsing-remitting)
- Primary progressive (gradual worsening from onset)
- main presenting symptoms:
- Optic neuritis: unilateral vision loss, colour blindness (red), ophthalmoplegia
- Transverse myelitis: sensory-motor symptoms below the inflammation, band-like sensation
- Lhermitte’s phenomenon: neck flexion inducing shock sensation down the spine
- Cerebellar/brainstem symptoms: ataxia, vertigo, clumsiness, dysmetria (abnormal finger-nose & heel-to-toe walking test), dysphagia, dysarthria, diplopia, oscillopsia, nystagmus
Other symptoms:
• Fatigue
- Spasticity
- Tremors
- Visual disturbances
- Mobility issues
- Pain: neuropathic and musculoskeletal
- Bladder issues: neurogenic detrusor overactivity, urgency, frequency, incontinence
- Erectile dysfunction
- Mental health issues