RISK FACTORS, SIGNS & SYMPTOMS, INVESTIGATIONS & DIAGNOSIS
RISK FACTORS
- Increased maternal age
- PCOS
- Smoking
- Alcohol
- Obesity
- Caffeine intake
- Black ethnicity with vitamin D deficiency
- Congenital uterine abnormalities
- Previous miscarriages
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
- Vaginal bleeding
- Abdominal pain
- Breast tenderness
INVESTIGATIONS & DIAGNOSIS
- Pregnancy test
- Transvaginal ultrasound: best diagnostic tool Check haemodynamic stability
- Assess for:
Abdominal pain
Pelvic pain
Cervical motion tenderness