Specific Types

1. Erythema Nodosum

Presentation

• 1-5cm nodules on external limb surfaces
• Predominantly on the shins

Course

• Self-limiting within 8 weeks
• Non-scarring

Treatment

• Analgesia
• Mild compression

Associations

• Infections
• Sulphonamides
• Sarcoidosis
• TB
• Malignancy
• IBD

2. Henoch-Schönlein Purpura

• Demographics: Common in children
• Clinical features
  • Purpuric rash (buttocks/extremities)
  • Urticaria
  • Nephritis
  • Joint pain
  • Abdominal pain
• Trigger: Often post-respiratory infection
• Management: Paediatric referral
• Prognosis: Full recovery without treatment over months

3. Polyarteritis Nodosa

• Demographics: Middle-aged presentation
• Pathology: Multisystem necrotising vasculitis
• Clinical features
  • Tender nodules along arteries
  • Coronary arteritis
  • Hypertension
  • Mononeuritis multiplex
  • Renal failure
  • GI symptoms
• Association: Hepatitis B
• Management
  • Rheumatology referral
  • Angiography
  • BP control
  • Steroids
  • Cyclophosphamide

4. Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss)

• Association: Asthma
• Affected vessels
  • Coronary
  • Pulmonary
  • Cerebral
• Treatment
  • Specialist-led prednisolone
  • Cyclophosphamide

5. Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener’s)

• Features: Multi-organ involvement
• Management
  • Rheumatology referral
  • ANCA monitoring
  • High-dose steroids
  • Methotrexate

6. Kawasaki Disease

• Demographics: Children <5 years
• Diagnostic criteria
  • Fever ≥5 days
  • Bilateral conjunctivitis
  • Polymorphic rash
  • Oral changes
  • Red/dry/cracked lips
  • Strawberry tongue
  • Extremity changes
    • Palm/sole redness
    • Hand/feet/groin peeling
  • Cervical lymphadenopathy (single, painful)
  • Poor antipyretic response
• Management
  • Urgent referral if poor response
  • Treatment within 10 days of onset
  • IV immunoglobulins
  • Aspirin: Reduce aneurysm risk

Vasculitis Reference