ACE Inhibitors (e.g., Ramipril, Lisinopril)
Absolute Contraindications
- History of angioedema related to ACE inhibitors
- Bilateral renal artery stenosis
- Pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Hyperkalaemia
- Severe aortic stenosis or outflow obstruction
Main Side Effects
- Dry cough (common)
- Hyperkalaemia
- Hypotension (especially after the first dose)
- Angioedema
- Renal impairment
Main Interactions
- Potassium-sparing diuretics or supplements (risk of hyperkalaemia)
- NSAIDs (increased risk of renal impairment)
- Lithium (risk of toxicity)
Main Monitoring Requirements
- Renal function and electrolytes before initiation and regularly thereafter
- Monitor blood pressure
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
- Contraindicated in pregnancy (teratogenic risks)
- •Avoid during breastfeeding unless essential; alternatives preferred