Definition, Prevalence & Etiology

Definition

• Acute manifestation of confusion
• Alteration in consciousness, cognition and motor function
• 3 subtypes: Hyperactive (agitated, inappropriate behaviour & hallucinations), Hypoactive (lethargic, reduced concentration & appetite), Mixed

Prevalence

• More common in the elderly
• Associated with multiple comorbidities
• Higher risk in those with a fall history

Etiology

• Multiple precipitating factors using the PINCH ME acronym:
  • Pain
  • Infection
  • Nutrition
  • Constipation
  • Hypovolemia
  • Medications (opioids, benzodiazepines)
  • Environmental changes
  • Hypo/hyperglycaemia